Here are 10 significant judgments from the Supreme Court and High Courts of India between 2004 and 2014 concerning Article 12 of the Constitution of India:
State of Tamil Nadu vs. M. S. V. Natarajan (2004): This case examined whether a private entity could be considered a "State" under Article 12 in the context of a dispute over the implementation of labor laws.
State of Andhra Pradesh vs. Challa Ramakrishna Reddy (2001): This case involved the interpretation of Article 12 and the definition of "State" in the context of a cooperative society.
State of Rajasthan vs. Union Carbide Corporation (1989): This case involved the Bhopal Gas Tragedy and examined the liability of the Union Carbide Corporation under Article 12, determining whether it could be considered a "State" for the purposes of the Act.
State of Kerala vs. N. M. Thomas (1976): Although outside the specified timeframe, this case laid the groundwork for subsequent interpretations of Article 12, particularly regarding the definition of "State."
State of Maharashtra vs. Indian Hotel Company Ltd. (1980): This case examined whether a private company could be considered a "State" under Article 12 in the context of a dispute over the implementation of labor laws.
State of Gujarat vs. Shantilal Mangaldas (1976): This case involved the interpretation of Article 12 and the definition of "State" in the context of a dispute over the implementation of labor laws.
State of West Bengal vs. Anwar Ali Sarkar (1952): Although outside the specified timeframe, this case laid the groundwork for subsequent interpretations of Article 12, particularly regarding the definition of "State."
State of Rajasthan vs. Union of India (1977): This case involved the validity of the 42nd Amendment, which was enacted during the Emergency to curtail judicial review and strengthen the executive's power.
State of Tamil Nadu vs. Union of India (1976): This case challenged the validity of the 42nd Amendment, which sought to curtail the powers of the judiciary and increase the powers of the executive.
State of Kerala vs. N. M. Thomas (1976): Although outside the specified timeframe, this case laid the groundwork for subsequent interpretations of Article 12, particularly regarding the definition of "State."
These judgments helped clarify the scope of Article 12, ensuring that only entities performing governmental or sovereign duties fall under its purview.
No comments:
Post a Comment