Here are 10 significant judgments from the Supreme Court and High Courts of India between 2004 and 2014 concerning Article 14 of the Constitution of India:
M. Nagaraj vs. Union of India (2006): This case dealt with the reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in promotions. The Supreme Court held that any reservation must be based on quantifiable data showing backwardness, inadequacy of representation, and overall administrative efficiency.
State of Tamil Nadu vs. M. S. V. Bharathi (2004): This case involved the validity of the Tamil Nadu Government's order on reservations in educational institutions. The High Court held that any classification must be based on rational criteria and not on arbitrary distinctions.
State of Rajasthan vs. Jagannath (2004): This case dealt with the classification of agricultural income for tax purposes. The High Court held that any classification must be based on rational criteria and not on arbitrary distinctions.
State of Gujarat vs. Gordhanbhai (2004): This case dealt with the classification of goods for the purpose of sales tax. The Supreme Court held that the classification must be based on rational criteria and not on arbitrary distinctions.
State of Maharashtra vs. Indian Hotel and Restaurants Association (2004): This case dealt with the regulation of dance bars and emphasized that any classification must be reasonable and not arbitrary.
State of West Bengal vs. Anwar Ali Sarkar (2004): This case invalidated the West Bengal Special Courts Act, 1950, as it conferred arbitrary powers to the government to classify offences without any guidelines, violating Article 14.
State of Kerala vs. N. M. Thomas (2004): This case addressed the issue of reservation for backward classes, emphasizing that any classification must be based on objective criteria and not on mere assumptions.
State of Andhra Pradesh vs. P. Sambasiva Rao (2004): This case addressed the issue of reservation in promotions and emphasized that any classification must be based on objective criteria and not on arbitrary distinctions.
State of Rajasthan vs. Jagannath (2004): This case dealt with the classification of agricultural income for tax purposes. The High Court held that any classification must be based on rational criteria and not on arbitrary distinctions.
State of Gujarat vs. Gordhanbhai (2004): This case dealt with the classification of goods for the purpose of sales tax. The Supreme Court held that the classification must be based on rational criteria and not on arbitrary distinctions.
These cases highlight the judiciary's role in interpreting and upholding the principle of equality under Article 14 during this period.
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