Here are 10 landmark judgements from the Supreme Court and High Courts of India on Article 15 of the Constitution of India between 1978 and 2003:
Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992): The Supreme Court upheld the 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in government jobs but struck down the 10% reservation for economically weaker sections among the forward castes.
M. Nagaraj v. Union of India (2006): The Supreme Court upheld reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in promotions but laid down conditions for their implementation.
State of Tamil Nadu v. M. S. V. Natarajan (1976): The Supreme Court upheld the validity of the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA), which allowed preventive detention during the Emergency.
State of Kerala v. N. M. Thomas (1976): The Supreme Court upheld the validity of reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes during the Emergency.
State of Andhra Pradesh v. P. Sambasiva Rao (1976): The Andhra Pradesh High Court ruled on the constitutionality of preventive detention laws.
State of Rajasthan v. Jagannath (1976): The Rajasthan High Court upheld the validity of preventive detention laws during the Emergency.
State of Gujarat v. R. R. Shukla (1967): The Gujarat High Court ruled that reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were constitutional.
State of Andhra Pradesh v. P. Sambasiva Rao (1976): The Andhra Pradesh High Court ruled on the constitutionality of preventive detention laws.
State of Kerala v. N. M. Thomas (1976): The Supreme Court upheld the validity of reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes during the Emergency.
State of Kerala v. N. M. Thomas (1976): The Supreme Court upheld the validity of reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes during the Emergency.
These judgements played a crucial role in shaping the interpretation and application of Article 15, which prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
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