Constitution of Bharat: Preamble: Part II

 Here are 10 landmark judgments related to the Preamble of the Constitution of India:

1. Keshavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)

• Significance: The Supreme Court held that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution and can be used to interpret ambiguous areas.

2. S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994)

• Significance: The Court emphasized the concept of secularism as mentioned in the Preamble, stating that the state does not have any religion.

3. Union of India v. LIC of India (1975)

• Significance: The Supreme Court reiterated that the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution but is not legally enforceable before the court.

4. In Re Berubari Case (1960)

• Significance: The Court stated that the Preamble is not a part of the Constitution and hence is not enforceable by law.

5. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)

• Significance: The Court termed the Preamble as a part of the Constitution, acting as a guiding light to interpret the statutes and provisions of the Constitution.

6. The Union of India vs Madan Gopal Kabra (1954)

• Significance: The Supreme Court referred to the Preamble while recognizing the power of Indian legislatures to enact laws with retrospective operation.

7. Synthetic & Chemicals Ltd. v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1990)

• Significance: The Court discussed the term "sovereign" in the Preamble, stating that the state has authority within the restrictions given by the Constitution.

8. D.S. Nakara v. Union of India (1983)

• Significance: The Court interpreted the term "socialist" in the Preamble, emphasizing the need to raise the living standards of weaker sections and laborers.

9. Air India Statutory Corporation v. United Labour Union (1987)

• Significance: The Court elaborated on the concept of "socialism" in the Preamble, stating that it aims to establish an egalitarian social order through the rule of law.

10. Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1997)

• Significance: The Court observed that the term "socialist" in the Preamble must be read in conjunction with various articles aimed at reducing inequalities in income and status.

These cases highlight the importance of the Preamble in interpreting the Constitution and guiding judicial decisions.